Comparative Analysis of BRI, IPEF, and RCEP by Porter’s Diamond Model for APEC Economies

This research comprehensively analyzes the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) using Porter’s diamond model due to the urgency of understanding the strategic impacts on the competitive advantages of APEC economies amidst this contemporary geopolitical environment such as the US-China trade war, security concerns of Korean Peninsular and Taiwan tensions. Through examining how these frameworks affect economic integration in the region, the findings reveal that each initiative has its advantages and challenges, offering strategic insights for a differentiation approach for optimal utilization of these economic frameworks towards collective advancement of APEC member economies. The research highlights some of the necessary adaptive strategies, such as comprehensive risk management systems associated with technological adaptation, environmental sustainability, flexible approaches to business operations, and collaborative approaches to policy-making by different levels of government. The research limitations exist relying on available data; therefore, future investigations should consider more empirical industry-specific impacts and evidences besides emerging technologies.