马克思恩格斯的道德态度及其当代启示

The Moral Attitudes of Marx and Engels and Their Contemporary Revelations

“Was Marx Engels a moral theorist?” is an important question in Marxist ethics. By criticising the morality of the “economic man” and the morality of the “political man”, Marx and Engels moved towards the affirmation of the morality of the “free man”, and formed a unique way and path of moral construction. It has formed a unique way and path of moral construction. Its practical significance includes: first, Marx and Engels’ criticism of the morality of “economic man” formed a social and political discourse system centred on “moral responsibility”, which is an important manifestation of the construction of moral governance in the construction of a socialist country based on the rule of law; second, Marx and Engels’ criticism of the morality of “political man” formed an important manifestation of the construction of moral governance in the construction of a socialist country. Secondly, Marx and Engels’ critique of the morality of “political man” has formed a sociopolitical discourse system centred on “legal responsibility”, which is an important manifestation of the construction of the rule of law in the construction of a socialist state governed by the rule of law. Thirdly, Marx Engels’ promotion of the morality of “free man” has formed a social and political discourse system centred on “freedom”, “happiness”, “peace”, “fairness” and “justice”, “fraternity”, “conscience”, “brotherhood” and so on. content of the discourse system of communist society. Therefore, Marx and Engels were not anti-moralists or non-moralists, but moralists.

“马克思恩格斯是否是道德论者？”是马克思主义伦理学的一个重要问题。马克思恩格斯通过批判“经济人”的道德和“政治人”的道德，走向了对“自由人”道德的肯定，形成了独特的道德建构方式和路径。其现实意义有：一是，马克思恩格斯对“经济人”道德的批判形成了以“道德责任”为核心的社会政治话语体系，是社会主义法治国家建设中德治建设的重要体现；二是，马克思恩格斯对“政治人”道德的批判形成了以“法律责任”为核心的社会政治话语体系，是社会主义法治国家建设中法治建设的重要体现；三是，马克思恩格斯对“自由人”道德的高扬形成了以“自由”“幸福”“和平”“公平”“正义”“友爱”“良心”“博爱”等为重要内容的共产主义社会话语体系。所以，马克思恩格斯并非是反道德论者、非道德论者，而是道德论者。