Clinical Management of Idiopathic Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusion in a Dog

A 6-year-old spayed female dog presented with progressive exercise intolerance and acute open-mouth breathing. Diagnostic evaluation, including echocardiography, confirmed a large idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion with right atrial collapse. Pericardiocentesis was performed, removing 56 mL of hemorrhagic fluid. Cytological analysis revealed no evidence of malignancy or infection. The dog was treated with prednisone and furosemide, resulting in significant clinical improvement. While medical management successfully controlled the effusion, idiopathic pericardial effusion carries a risk of recurrence, requiring long-term monitoring. This case underscores the importance of vigilant follow-up in managing idiopathic pericardial effusion to prevent recurrence and ensure optimal patient outcomes.