The Shadow of American Finance Capital: Penetration and Influence in Europe (1890-1929)

看不见的“手”：美国金融资本对欧洲的渗透与影响机制研究(1890-1929)

Between 1890 and 1929, American financial capital underwent a vigorous expansion, progressively influencing and controlling the political and economic landscape of Europe, which had a profound impact on the international political and economic order of the 20th century. Utilizing historical analysis and political economy methods, it is possible to reveal the pathways of penetration, control mechanisms, and the profound effects of American financial capital on the political and economic structure of Europe. Driven by profit-seeking motives, the expansion of American financial capital was not merely an economic act but a complex politico-economic process that affected the relationship between Europe and America on three levels: productive forces, production relations, and superstructure, indirectly leading to unrest and turmoil in Europe. Looking ahead, with the development of digital technology and global issues, the international financial system will become more diversified. Learning from the past, China's future participation in international financial cooperation should uphold the principles of peaceful development and mutual benefit, to better serve the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative and the community of shared human destiny.

1890 年至1929 年间，美国金融资本强势扩张，逐步影响并控制欧洲政治经济格局，对20 世纪国际政治经济秩序产生了深远影响。运用历史分析和政治经济学方法，可以揭示美国金融资本在欧洲的渗透路径、控制机制及其对欧洲政治经济结构的深刻影响。在逐利性的驱使下，美国金融资本的扩张并非单纯的经济行为，而是一个复杂的政治经济过程，并在生产力、生产关系、上层建筑三个层面影响了该时段的欧美关系，也间接为欧洲带来了不安与动乱。展望未来，随着数字技术和全球议题的发展，国际金融体系将更加多元化。基于前车之鉴，中国未来参与国际金融合作更应秉持和平发展与互利共赢的原则，以更好地服务“一带一路”与人类命运共同体的建设。