유색 밀 유전자원의 국내 품종 대비 농업형질 및 영양학적 특성 비교

Comparison of Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Characteristics of Colored Wheat Germplasm and Domestic Wheat Cultivars

본 시험에서는 청색밀 유전자원 ‘IT016425’의 농업적 특성과 일반성분 및 기능성 성분을 국내 육성 품종인 ‘금강’, ‘탑동’, ‘아리진흑’과 비교 분석하여 유용 밀 유전자원의 국내 도입 가능성을 평가하였다. 1. 농업적 특성으로 유전자원 ‘IT016425’는 출수기가 ‘금강’보다 22일 늦어 국내 이모작 재배 환경에 적합하지않으며, 간장이 105.1 cm로 성숙기에 도복 위험이 높다. 또한, 단백질, 글루텐, 침전가 등의 밀의 일반성분 함량이 낮아 단독 가공에 어려움이 있음이 확인되었다. 2. 기능성 성분으로 유전자원 ‘IT016425’는 식이섬유와 무기물 함량이 국내 품종에 비해 유의하게 높으며, 특히칼륨, 인, 마그네슘의 함량이 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 흑색인 ‘아리진흑’과 청색인 ‘IT016425’에서 가장 높았고, 안토시아닌은 시험품종 중 유일하게 ‘IT016425’ 에서만 확인되었다. 유전자원 ‘IT016425’는 국내에서보기 드문 독특한 청색을 띠고 있으며, 높은 무기물과항산화 성분 함량으로 인해 기능성 밀의 개발에 활용될수 있을 것으로 보인다. 3. 본 연구에서는 유전자원 ‘IT016425’의 농업적 특성이 국내 환경에 적합하지 않았으나 국내 품종과의 교배를 통해 유용 유전자를 도입하고 출수기와 간장 등의 농업형질을 개량할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Recent agricultural practices have depleted micronutrients in the soil, exposing approximately two billion people worldwide to “hidden hunger”, a condition in which sufficient calories are consumed but there is a deficiency in essential vitamins and minerals. This form of malnutrition occurs not only in developing countries but also in developed nations where staple foods include grains such as wheat and corn. Among cereal crops, the color of wheat grains can vary due to the presence of different pigments in the bran layers. Colored wheat, rich in functional compounds such as anthocyanins, offers various health benefits primarily due to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the phenotypic and nutritional characteristics of wheat germplasm ‘IT016425’ compared with domestic wheat cultivars, with the intention of considering the introduction of this germplasm for breeding purposes. In the field trial, ‘IT016425’ had a heading date and maturity that were 22 and 8 days later than ‘Keumgang’, respectively. ‘IT016425’ also presented the tallest plant height (105.1 cm) but the shortest spike length (7.8 cm) and spike number (14 per plant). The thousand grain weight was similar to that of ‘Tapdong’, measuring 39.0 g. ‘IT016425’ had the lowest protein content, with a mean value of 12.1%, whereas ‘Keumgang’ had the highest protein content (15.5%). However, ‘Tapdong’ and ‘IT016425’ compensated for their lower protein content by having higher levels of total dietary fiber. These cultivars exhibited the highest total dietary fiber content, with mean values of 3.16 and 3.29 g/100 g, respectively, whereas ‘Keumgang’ and ‘Arijinheuk’ had lower values. ‘IT016425’ also had the highest content of anthocyanin, with a mean value of 1.61 mg/100 g. Additionally, ‘IT016425’ had the highest levels of minerals such as K (230.64 mg/100 g), P (190.31 mg/100 g), Mg (45.40 mg/100 g), Zn (1.06 mg/100 g), Mn (0.54 mg/100 g), and Cu (0.12 mg/100 g) compared to the other tested cultivars. Cultivating ‘IT016425’ in Korea may not be suitable due to the common practice of rice-wheat double-cropping, as it has delayed heading and maturity. However, considering its high anthocyanin and mineral content, it is necessary to introduce the beneficial traits of ‘IT016425’ into breeding programs.