증거기반정책에서 빅데이터 활용에 관한 연구

A Study on the Usage of Big Data in Evidence-Based Policy

(Purpose) It can be said that data-driven innovation is necessary to improve efficiency and effectiveness by establishing policies based on big data and to provide public services tailored to citizens’ administrative needs. This study aims to explore how evidence-based policies can be optimized with big data, using the policy process as a general model. (methodology/approach) Based on the previous research, this study divided the policy process into interrelated stages of policy agenda setting, policy making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation and examined how big data is utilized in each stage through a research methodology called literature review which collects and systematically analyzes literature related to achieving the research goal. Based on this, implications for how big data can optimize the policy process were derived. (Findings/ Research implications) This study understands evidence-based policy as a systematic approach that can provide the best evidence to the policy process, and examines how big data can be utilized by dividing the policy process into policy agenda setting, policy making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. It was confirmed that big data is most actively utilized in the policy agenda setting process. Big data can help develop policy alternatives and predict the results that may occur when they are applied, and in the implementation stage, it can provide immediate feedback on the success or failure of the policy and data generation. Evaluation can be conducted at all stages of the policy, providing the necessary evidence for the policy in real time. The perspective on utilizing big data in the public policy field seems to be based on technological optimism. In other words, it is thought that there is more data, better information can be derived, and this will promote better decisions. Therefore, it seems that they are focusing on developing techniques to derive insights from big data. However, can better information simply lead to better decisions? Decisions are the subject of politics. Politics determines values. Who prioritizes what values, what is included and excluded, and how data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted can be said to be the realm of politics. Therefore, utilizing big data in the policy domain must simultaneously consider the technical aspect and the value determination or political aspect.