『忠州郡量案』과 충주군 대지주

『Chungju-gun Land Survey Records』 and Large Landowner in Chungju-gun

『Chungju-gun Land Survey Records(忠州郡量案)『 is the cadastre created in the Korean Empire period and enabled us to confirm how the Kwangmu Land Survey Project(光武量田事業) promoted as a national goal at the time was conducted in local area Chungju. 19 land surveyors(量務委員), 10 surveyors(調査委員), and 86 student members(學員) participated in creating 『Chungju-gun Land Survey Records』. 8 of the 19 land surveyors appeared in 『Chungju-gun Land Survey Records』 as landowners and peasants. It is worth nothing that the land surveyors did not serve as a land surveyor in the Myeon(面) where their own land and leased farmland were located. In addition, 2 of the 10 the surveyors were confirmed in 『Chungju-gun Land Survey Records』 and owned their own land in the area. However, they did not own much land. 34 of the 86 student members were confirmed in 『Chungju-gun Land Survey Records』. Only 3 of the 34 student members who served as a student member in the Myeon where their own land and leased farmland were located were described in it. Moreover, the 3 student members did not own land in the Myeon where they served as a student member. As is the case with the land surveyors, these facts show that the Kwangmu Land Survey Project was highly objective. Many scholar-officials(士大夫) established a base in Chungju because Namhan River(남한강) made commutes to Seoul convenient. It is confirmed that scholar-officials based a local base in Chungju through 『Chungju-gun Land Survey Records』. Based on statistical analysis of it, there were many influential people among large landowners in Chungju. It is confirmed that there were many large landowners of influential families that had resided in Chungju for generations including their maternal relatives. Particularly in Chungju, the large landowners in Chungju at the time accounted for a large share of the large landowners. Not only in Chungcheong-do but also throughout the country, it is rare that landowners were concentrated in one area. Most of the large landowners in Chungju-gun were sharecropping landowners who had a low rate of owned land and leased their land. Moreover, it can be estimated that their farm management was landowner management using a distribution network with a focus on Namhan River. Based on the analysis of their land, they were located in the areas with developed Namhan River waterway and land routes. In other words, including Nambyeon-myeon(南邊面) and Bukbyeon-myeon(北邊面) connected to Namhan River waterways, landowners' land and houses were mostly located in Gaheung-myeon(加興面), Geumcheon-myeon(金遷面), Eomjeong-myeon(嚴政面), Gimsaeng-myeon(金生面), Gachasan-myeon (加次山面), Angam-myeon(仰巖面), and Bokseong-myeon(福城面). Furthermore, much of their land were located in areas with developed traffic routes such as Geummok-myeon(金目面), Beobwang-myeon(法旺面), Geogok-myeon(居谷面), Gammi-myeon(甘味面), Juryu-myeon(周柳面), Deok-myeon(德面), Sinseok-myeon(薪石面), and Sinni-myeon(新尼面). In particular, resident landowners' residence was mostly close to Namhan River waterways and located in the place with developed land traffic.