Rethinking Article 1 of China's Civil Code from the Perspective of Marxist Jurisprudence

马克思主义法学视角下对《民法典》第1 条的再思考

Article 1 of the China's Civil Code is a unique legislative model in China, and only by clarifying the significance of this article can we grasp the characteristics of the entire Code. Taking Marxist jurisprudence as the research perspective, this article distinguishes the content of article 1 into the social basis of legislation, the purpose of legislation and the constitutional basis of legislation. The rule reveals the economic basis for the legislation of China's Civil Code and illustrates the interrelationship between the Civil Code and the economy, politics and culture. Taken as a whole, the rule is in line with the requirements of Marxist thought, reflects the legislative characteristics of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and is reasonable. In addition, although the rule can play a guiding role in adjudication, it cannot exist as a source of civil law and may not be directly invoked in adjudication.

中国《民法典》第1 条是中国特有的立法模式，只有明晰本条的意义，才能把握整部法典的特征。本文以马克思主义法学为研究视角，将本条的内容区分为立法的现实依据、立法目的和立法的宪法依据。该规则揭示了中国《民法典》立法的经济基础，说明了《民法典》与经济、政治和文化之间的相互关系。从整体上看，该规则符合马克思主义思想之要求，体现了中国特色社会主义的立法特征，具有合理性。此外，该条虽然能在裁判中发挥指导作用，但是不能作为民法法源而存在，不得在裁判中直接援引本条规定。