裴斯泰洛齐教育思想的形成及影响

The Formation and Influence of Pestalozzi’s Educational Thought

The Swiss Pestalozzi lost his father at the age of five and devoted his life to education after realizing the shortcomings of Rousseau’s method of education when he educated his son after his marriage. He successively founded the orphanage Neuhof, was invited to preside over the orphanage Stans, and conducted educational experiments in Burgdorf and Yverdon. He took labor education and vocational education as the starting point and became the first practitioner of combining education with production and labor; from his experience of children’s education, he came up with the ideas that parents are the best teachers, the living room is the “holy place of human education”, and the moral education of love is the main way of family education; and that the psychology of education is the combination of the aims, contents, teaching principles, teaching methods, and the methods of teaching and learning. Educational psychology is the psychology of educational purpose, educational content, teaching principles, teaching methods, and educational process; elemental education consists of the elements of moral education, intellectual education, and physical education, and the content of education in the process of education should be overloaded from simple elements to complex elements. His ideas on vocational education, family education, the psychologization of education and elemental education provide important reference for the improvement of China’s modern education system.

瑞士人裴斯泰洛齐5 岁丧父，在婚后教育儿子的过程中发现卢梭教育方法的不足而一生致力于教育事业。他先后建立了新庄孤儿院、应邀主持斯坦兹孤儿院的工作、在布格多夫和伊佛东城开展教育实验。他以劳动教育和职业教育为切入点，成为了教育与生产劳动相结合的第一位实践者；他从子女教育经历中得出父母是最好的老师，起居室是“人类教育的圣地”，爱的道德教育是家庭教育的主要方式等观点；教育心理学化就是教育目的、教育内容、教学原则、教学方法、教育过程的心理学化；要素教育由德育要素、智育要素、体育要素组成，教育过程中的教育内容应该由简单的要素过渡到复杂的要素。他的职业教育、家庭教育、教育心理学化和要素教育等思想为完善我国现代教育体系提供了重要借鉴。