对《资本论》研究方法的再探讨——以《马克思〈资本论〉中抽象和具体的辩证法》为例

A Further Discussion on the Research Method of Capital : Taking The Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx’s Capital as an Example

In his work The Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx’s Capital, Soviet philosopher Ilyenkov provides a vivid and specific interpretation of the main research methods used in “Capital”. Firstly, in terms of “abstraction rising to concretion”, Ilyenkov distinguishes and interprets “representation” in formal abstraction from “concept” in concrete abstraction, and demonstrates the dialectical relationship between the “two paths” of political economy research. Secondly, in terms of dialectics, he profoundly interprets that the object is in a process of development and within a spiral system, and argues for the significance of a specific historical attitude in grasping the entire dialectical system. Finally, in discussing the distinction between research methods and narrative methods, he demonstrates the respective characteristics of the two as well as their common methodological foundation of “consistency between logic and history” , and provides specific examples to illustrate both methods. This work provides profound insights for us to better understand the philosophical ideas in Capital.

苏联哲学家伊里因科夫在其著作《马克思〈资本论〉中抽象和具体的辩证法》中，对于《资本论》的主要研究方法进行了生动具体的阐释。首先，在“抽象上升到具体”方面，伊里因科夫对于形式抽象的“表象”与具体抽象的“概念”做了区分与解读，并且论证了政治经济学研究“两条道路”的辩证关系。其次，在辩证法方面，他深刻地指出了对象是处于发展过程、螺旋体系中的对象，论证了具体的历史的态度对于把握整个辩证体系的意义。最后，在关于研究方法与叙述方法的区别中，他论证了二者各自的特点以及同样的“逻辑与历史相一致”的方法基础，并对于两种方法进行了具体的举例论证。这一著作对于我们更好地理解《资本论》中的哲学思想有着深刻的启迪作用。