Variability in the projection level of the vertebra prominens: a cadaveric study

The 7th cervical vertebra (C7) is described as having the most prominent spinous process (SP) and is characterizedas the “vertebra prominens” (VP) of the cervical spine in anatomy textbooks. The VP is an important anatomical landmarkof the neck for clinical examination and therapeutic intervention. The present study identifies the level of the most prominentSP of the cervical and uppermost thoracic vertebrae in a cadaveric cohort. Thirty-nine (23 female and 16 male) cadavers ofa mean age of 77.5 years were investigated in a prone position and a certain cervical kyphotic bending. The most prominentSP, at the base of the neck, was palpated and marked with a wedging nail into the SP of the vertebra. The cervical region wasdissected, and a blind investigator examined whether the nail was placed into the SP of C7 or the SP of another upper orlower vertebra. In 19 out of 39 cadavers (48.7%), the C7 was identified as the VP (typical anatomy), followed by the C6 (in 14cadavers, 35.9%), C5 (in 4 cadavers, 10.3%). In 2 cadavers (5.1%) the first thoracic vertebra was identified as having the mostprominent SP. Although C7 is described as the VP, in the present study the SP of C7 was the most prominent in less than 50%. The high variable projection level of the most prominent SP of the cervical vertebra holds great clinical significance for spineexamination, neck surgery, and spinal anesthesia.