직업군인이 병사집단에 대해 느끼는 상대적 박탈감과 공공봉사동기가 이직의도에 미치는 영향 : 조직냉소주의의 매개효과를 중심으로

Effects of relative deprivation felt by career soldiers toward enlisted soliders and public service motivation on turnover intention : Focusing on the mediating effect of organizational cynicism

본 연구는 급격한 병 봉급 인상 등 병사 처우개선에 집중되는 사회 분위기 속에서 직업군인이 병사집단에 대해 경험하는 상대적 박탈감과 공공봉사동기, 조직냉소주의가 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 육군에 복무 중인 170명의 초급장교 및 부사관들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하고 구조방정식을 활용하여 실증 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 병사집단에 대해 상대적 박탈감을 높게 지각하는 구성원일수록 이직의도가 높았으며, 둘째, 공공봉사동기를 높게 지각하는 구성원일수록 이직의도가 낮았고, 셋째, 조직냉소주의는 상대적 박탈감 및 공공봉사동기가 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 관계에서 매개효과가 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 향후 군이 상대적 박탈감, 조직냉소주의 경감 및 공공봉사동기의 증진을 위한 정책적 노력을 시행하여 우수인력의 이탈을 최소화해야 함을 시사한다.

This study conducted an exploratory study on the impact of the relative deprivation experienced by military executives toward the enlisted group on turnover intention in a social atmosphere focused on improving the treatment of enlisted group, including rapid salary increases. In addition, confirmatory studies on the effect of public service motivation on turnover intention and the mediating effect of organizational cynicism were conducted. For this purpose, we collected survey data from 170 executives (second lieutenants, lieutenants, captains, Staff Sergeants, sergeant first classes, and master sergeants) serving in the Army and conducted an empirical analysis. As a result of the study, first, relative deprivation did not have a significant direct effect on turnover intention, but had a significant indirect effect through organizational cynicism. Second, members who perceived higher PSM had lower turnover intentions; third, the mediating effect of organizational cynicism was confirmed. These research results suggest that the relative deprivation and the public service motivation are major variables that affect turnover intention, and are significant in that they investigated the role of organizational cynicism in that relationship. Therefore, it can be seen that policy efforts at the organizational level are required to reduce relative deprivation and organizational cynicism and increase PSM for in the military.