실제크기 구획실의 백드래프트 현상에 대한 전산해석 연구

Computational Study of Backdraft Phenomenon in a Full-Scale Compartment

Under-ventilated compartment fires pose significant fire safety risks due to their complex combustion processes and associated hazardous phenomena. Backdraft is one of the hazardous phenomenon that occurs in under-ventilated scenarios. While several experimental and numerical studies have investigated backdraft dynamics, most have been limited to small-scale compartments. full-scale backdraft studies are comparatively scarce due to the challenging experimental conditions and the complexity of accurate numerical modeling. In this study, a computational analysis was conducted to investigate the backdraft phenomenon in a full-scale compartment using the Open FOAM CFD code. The compartment geometry and initial conditions were based on previous experimental research. The backdraft was modelled using a fully-compressible solver combined with the LES turbulence approach and the EDC combustion model. The numerical simulation accurately predicted key aspects of backdraft dynamics, including gravity current entrainment, ignition, and turbulent deflagration. The model’s predictive accuracy was assessed by comparing the over-pressure results with previous experimental and numerical data, showing good agreement with the experimental measurements. Additionally, the characteristics of the fireball were analyzed, revealing that its propagation distance is greater along the axial than in the lateral direction. The fireball propagation velocity near the compartment opening is higher than other locations.