Специфические особенности процесса неологизации в русском языке в период коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19)

Specific Features of the Process of Neologization in the Russian Language during the Period of Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)

This article is devoted to the vocabulary of the coronavirus era, which appeared in the Russian language in 2020-2023. The aim of the article: 1. to define the concept of “neologism”, “innovation”; 2. to select for research new vocabulary from the era of the coronavirus pandemic and analyze the word-formation specifics of lexical units that are thematically related to the coronavirus pandemic; 3. within the framework of this work, to show examples of innovations related to the coronavirus epidemic, their structural diversity; 4. to highlight the main word-formation models characteristic of neologisms of this era and describe them. The material for the study was the texts of the so-called “paper” media, online media covering the coronavirus pandemic, as well as messages and comments on social networks on this matter, collected by the author for the period 2020-2024. As observations have shown, the nouns covid (COVID), (corona) virus have enormous derivational potential, which often serve as the basis for the formation of new words that have acquired the grammatical characteristics of a Russian word (the lexemes covid, crown, like the vast majority of nouns in the Russian language, are declined). In terms of word formation, we observe the productivity of models with predominant components expressed in words associated with a given disease (quarantine, vaccine, pandemic, lockdown, etc.). The article touches only on the usual methods of word formation; neologisms-nouns, which represent the largest group, are considered. Among the usual ways of creating neologisms with evaluative semantics, the most productive is affixation, as well as addition. As time passes since the coronavirus pandemic, it is worth noting that many lexical innovations of the pandemic period could not enter the Russian language, but turned out to be momentary linguistic symbols of this period. The result of the work in the future may be the creation of a Russian-Korean dictionary of the coronavirus era, as well as reminders that will be used in classes on Russian as a foreign language, electives and lectures on Russian word formation.