哲学的终结与新世界观的诞生——重读《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》

The End of Philosophy and the Birth of a New Worldview : Rereading Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy

“The end”, in multiple senses, is a key thread running through Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy. The understanding of such expressions as “End of Philosophy” has been the subject of considerable scholarly controversy. In fact,what Marx and Engels sought to end was not philosophy in the historical and cultural sense, but rather the form of “philosophy” that had historically positioned itself above all sciences. To achieve this objective, they undertook a comprehensive series of efforts, including the creative inheritance and critique of Hegel’s dialectic, as well as the transition to a thoroughgoing materialism facilitated by Feuerbach’s intermediary role. Ultimately, the outcome of their work transcended traditional philosophy, resulting in a fundamentally new worldview. In order to follow the intention of Marx and Engels, the understanding and application of this new worldview should be detached from the inherent frameworks of traditional philosophy. Its revolutionary significance should be thoroughly recognized, as it plays a crucial guiding role in advancing socialism with Chinese characteristics and in paving the way for a new era of free and comprehensive development.

“终结”是贯穿《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》的关键线索。对“终结哲学”这类表述的理解在学术界引起过颇大争议，事实上，马克思与恩格斯要终结的决非历史文化意义上的哲学，而是过往凌驾于一切科学之上的“哲学”，为此他们展开了一系列工作，包括对黑格尔辩证法的创造性继承和批判，以及通过费尔巴哈这一中介实现向彻底的唯物主义的过渡，而他们得出的结果已经根本不再是哲学，而只是世界观。为了遵循马克思与恩格斯的本意，对这一新世界观的理解与运用也应脱离传统哲学固有的思维方式，要充分理解其革命性意义，这对走好中国特色社会主义道路，开启自由而全面发展的新世界有着重要指导作用。