사회복지관에 근무하는 사회복지사의 직장역경에 관한 잠재계층 분류 및 관련 요인 분석

Classification of Latent Classes and Analysis of Related Factors Regarding Workplace Adversities among the Social Workers Employed in Social Welfare Centers

이 연구는 사회복지관에 근무하는 사회복지사의 직장역경에 관한 잠재계층을 분류하고, 잠재계층 분류에 영향을 미치는 개인 및 조직특성 요인을 규명한 후, 도출된 직장역경의 잠재계층에 따라 직업변경의도와 직장변경의도의 차이가 나는지 살펴보는데 연구목적이 있다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 부산지역 사회복지관에 근무하는 사회복지사 1,450명을 대상으로 우편설문조사를 시행하였으며, 회수된 설문 중 1,152명의 자료를 잠재계층분석에 사용하였다. 특히 분류오차를 고려한 3단계 추정방식인 R3STEP과 BCH 접근을 적용하였다. 분석결과 사회복지사의 직장역경의 잠재계층은 ‘고역경형’, ‘행정업무과다형’, ‘감정노동형’, ‘저역경형’으로 구분되었다. 둘째, 잠재계층 분류에는 성별, 연령, 경력, 직책과 같은 개인특성과 기관유형, 슈퍼비전 체계와 같은 조직특성이 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, ‘저역경형’보다 ‘행정업무과다형’, ‘감정노동형’ , ‘고역경형’의 직업변경의도와 직장변경의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 ‘행정업무과다형’보다 ‘고역경형’의 직업변경의도가 높았으나 직장변경의도에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 사회복지관의 안전문화 조성에 관한 시사점을 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to classify the latent classes of workplace adversities among the social workers employed in social welfare centers, to identify the individual and organizational characteristics that influence this classification, and to examine whether there are differences in the intention to change jobs and the intention to change workplaces based on the derived latent classes of workplace adversities. To achieve the research objectives, a mail survey was conducted 1,450 social workers employed in social welfare centers located in Busan Metropolitan City. Among the returned surveys, data from 1,152 individuals were used for latent class analysis. In particular, the R3STEP and BCH approaches, which consider classification errors, were applied using a three-step estimation method. The analysis results identified four latent classes of workplace adversity for social workers, named 'high adversity type', 'administrative workload type, 'emotional labor type', and 'low adversity type'. Second, individual characteristics such as gender, age, career, and position, and organizational characteristics such as organization type and supervision system were found to have a statistically significant effect on the latent class classification. Finally, it was found that the intention to change jobs and the intention to change workplaces are higher for the 'administrative workload type', 'emotional labor type', and 'high adversity type' compared to the 'low adversity type'. Additionally, while the intention to change jobs is higher for the 'high adversity type' compared to the 'administrative workload type', no statistically significant difference was found in the intention to change workplaces. Based on these findings, implications for fostering a safety culture in social welfare centers were suggested.