Brain-Computer Interface Technology Applications and the Redetermination of Criminal Responsibility

The application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology in the field of medical rehabilitation has triggered legal and ethical challenges, especially the impact on the determination of criminal responsibility of mentally ill people and blind, deaf and mute people, in order to explore this impact, based on articles 18 and 19 of China's Criminal Law, combined with legal analysis, literature analysis and ethical discussion, it is found that the BCI technology may significantly improve the cognitive and behavioural control ability of the special groups, which should not be simply applied to the traditional standards, but should be assessed in conjunction with the real situation before and after transformation. In order to explore this impact, based on articles 18 and 19 of China's criminal law, literature analysis and ethical research, it is found that BCI technology may significantly improve the cognitive and behavioural control ability of special groups, and that individuals modified by BCI technology may need to re-assess their ability to be held criminally liable. In addition, the determination of criminal responsibility in the event of the failure or compulsory use of BCI technology requires comprehensive consideration of a number of factors. It is necessary to update the provisions of criminal law, clarify the criteria for determining criminal responsibility under the influence of BCI technology, establish a technology assessment mechanism, and strengthen the ethical review, so as to adapt to the new legal issues brought about by scientific and technological progress, and to effectively prevent and control the criminal risks it may bring.

脑机接口（BCI）技术在医疗康复等领域的应用引发了法律和伦理挑战，特别是对精神病人及盲聋哑人的刑事责任能力认定产生的影响，为了探讨这种影响，以我国刑法第18、19 条为依据结合法律分析,文献分析和伦理探讨，发现BCI 技术可能显著改善特殊群体的认知和行为控制能力，接受BCI 技术改造后的个体可能需要重新评估其刑事责任能力，不应简单适用传统的特殊群体认定标准，而应结合改造前后真实状况做出评估认定。此外，BCI 技术的失效或强制使用情况下的刑事责任认定需要综合考虑多个因素。需要更新刑法条款，明确BCI 技术影响下的刑事责任认定标准，建立技术评估机制，加强伦理审查，以适应科技进步带来的法律新问题，有效防范和控制其可能带来的犯罪风险。