The Nature of Reverse Globalization and Its Implications for Chinese Modernization

The ascendance of trade protectionism and nationalism, in conjunction with the diminution of international collaboration, has rendered the erstwhile global governance system dysfunctional, challenging the globalization process with reverse globalization trends. The reality of complex globalization necessitates that Chinese modernization path seeks theoretical references to effectively address global uncertainties. The Marxian theory of world history provides a scientific framework for the investigation of the underlying causes and intrinsic nature of reverse globalization. The findings of the research indicate that reverse globalization is essentially a manifestation of the crisis of capitalism, representing a temporary regression in the process of world history, and a product of the global expansion of the capitalist mode of production. The actual process of world history is a tortuous development characterized by both opportunities and challenges. Consequently, perceptions of the future of globalization should shift from a unipolar thinking of absolute affirmation or extreme negativity to more rational complexity considerations.

贸易保护主义和民族主义抬头，国际合作减少，使原有的全球治理体系“失灵”，全球化进程面临逆全球化趋势的挑战。复杂全球化的现实要求中国的现代化道路必须寻求一种有效应对全球不确定性的理论参考。马克思世界历史理论提供了一个科学揭示逆全球化现象深层原因与内在本质的理论框架。研究发现，逆全球化本质上是资本主义危机的表现，是世界历史进程的暂时倒退，是资本主义生产方式全球扩张的时代性产物。现实的世界历史进程是一个机遇与挑战并存的曲折发展过程，因而对全球化未来的认知也应由绝对肯定或极端否定的单极化思维走向更加理性的复杂性思维。