The Practical Dilemmas of Enterprise Environmental Administrative Legal Responsibilities in the Permit Management Regulations and Countermeasures : Learning from the Related Experience in the United States

《排污许可管理条例》中企业环境行政法律责任实践困境及对策—借鉴美国相关经验

The purpose of this study is to study and summarize the practical experience of the Regulations on the Management of Emission Permits, propose more effective countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the main responsibility of enterprises, and provide strong support for the comprehensive implementation of the emission permit system and the improvement and strengthening of the supervision of fixed pollution sources. Through literature analysis and comparative analysis, and the analysis of the implementation of the Regulations on the Management of Pollutant discharge Permits, this paper further discusses the practical dilemma of the environmental administrative legal responsibility of enterprises in China. It is found that the design idea of corporate environmental administrative legal liability can not adapt to the actual needs of environmental administrative management, which leads to the difficulties in practice, such as the excessive penalty of administrative penalty, the lack of feasibility of the implementation of “daily penalty”, and the inability to pay equal attention to punishment and education. In order to further implement the main responsibility of corporate environmental governance, based on the relevant experience of the United States, the author puts forward some suggestions, such as reasonably limiting the space of discretion, optimizing the feasibility of daily penalty operation, and insisting on the combination of punishment and education. It provides sufficient guarantee for the implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Pollutant Discharge Permits and more far-reaching development space for its application in practice.

本研究旨在研究总结《排污许可管理条例》的实践经验，针对强化企业主体责任提出更行之有效的对策建议，为全面实行排污许可制、完善和强化固定污染源监管提供有力支撑。通过文献分析法和比较分析法，以及就《排污许可管理条例》实施现状进行分析，进一步探讨当前我国企业环境行政法律责任的实践困境。研究发现，企业环境行政法律责任的设计思路已不能适应环境行政管理的实际需求，导致实践中存在行政罚款过罚失度、“按日计罚”的实施缺乏可行性、惩罚与教育不能并重等困境。为进一步落实企业环境治理的主体责任，在借鉴美国相关经验的基础上，提出综合相关因素，合理限制自由裁量空间、优化按日计罚操作可行性、坚持罚教结合等完善建议。为《排污许可管理条例》的实施提供充足的保障以及在实际中的运用提供更为深远的发展空间。