唐代 瑞獸葡萄紋鏡의 제작시기와 韓·日로의 전래양상 검토 - 당대 기년명 묘 출토 서수포도문경을 중심으로

Study on the Production Period of Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirrors in Tang Dynasty and its Transmission to Korea and Japan

서수포도문경은 중국 고대 상서로운 동물 서수와 새롭게 유입된 포도가 문양으로 구성된 것이 특징이며, 당경 중에서도 가장 화려하고, 유행했던 동경이다. 본고는 당대 제작된 서수포도문경 중 기년명 당묘에서 출토된 사례를 통한 제작시기와 한·일로의 전래양상을 검토한 연구이다. 당대 서수포도문경은 전형적 동경 형태를 따르고 있지만, 내, 외구를 표현한 문양은 이전과 다른 양상을 보이는데, 화려한 문양을 고부조로 뒷면 가득 빈틈없이 채운 것이 특징이다. 이러한 서수포도문경은 서수와 포도문의 위치, 뉴의 형태, 기타 문양 배치 등의 요소들을 바탕으로 Ⅰ, Ⅱ유형으로 분류했다. Ⅰ유형은 내·외구에 서수가 표현되어 있고, 중앙에 원형 뉴가 있다. Ⅱ유형은 문양구성이 복잡해지는 공통점을 갖고 있고, 뉴가 서수형으로 변화한다. 2가지 유형을 바탕으로 분석한 서수포도문경은 기년명 당묘 출토품을 중심으로 그 제작시기를 살펴보았다. 3기로 구분되는 시기는 발전기, 전성기, 쇠락기로 나눴고, 당묘 출토 서수포도문경은 대다수가 Ⅱ기에 제작되었다. 당대 성행한 서수포도문경은 주변 인접국가인 한국과 일본에도 전래되었다. 두 국가는 당에서 서수포도문경을 받아들였지만, 그 양상은 달랐다. 한국은 마로산성 출토 서수포도문경을 제외하면 주조상태가 좋지 않은 예들이 남아 있어 중국에서 답반주조된 동경류가 유입되었거나, 국내에서 주조하였을 가능성이 있다. 반면, 일본은 대표적 예로 정창원에 서수포도문경 4점이 소장되어 있는데, 주조상태가 양호하며, 정교하고 세밀한 문양표현이 이루어져 있다. 당시 흔하지 않은 양질의 동경은 일본에서 당으로 파견한 견당사에 의해 일본으로 전해진 것으로 판단되며, 그 시기는 문화적 요소를 받아들이는 것에 치중했던 8세기 전반으로 보았다. 따라서 당대 서수포도문경은 제작이 성행했던 8세기에 주변 국가로 전파되었던 당의 대표적 동경 중 하나로 꼽을 수 있다.

Auspicious Animals (mirror with images of auspicious animals and grapes) is characterized by the patterns of ancient Chinese auspicious animal character and newly introduced grapes, and it is the most colorful and popular bronze mirror among the Tang’s bronze mirror. The study on the production period and the transmission of Korea-Japan through cases excavated from articles with Chronograms from the Tang tombs among the pattern of Auspicious Animals Grapes produced at the time. The Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror of the time follows a typical bronze mirror form, but the pattern expressing the inner and outer parts shows a different pattern than before, and is characterized by filling the back of a high relief structure with ornate patterns. These Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror views were classified into types I and II based on elements such as the position of the auspicious animals and grape patterns, the shape of New, and other pattern arrangements. Type I features auspicious animals expressed in the inner and outer parts, and there is a circular New. Type II has a common point where the pattern composition becomes complicated, and the New changes to the auspicious animals. The Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror, which was analyzed based on the two types, reviewed the production period of the excavated articles with Chronograms from the Tang tombs. The period divided into the third period was divided into the period of development, the period of prime time, and the period of decline, and most of the The Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror excavated from the Tang Dynasty was produced during the period II. The Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror, which was popular at the time, was also introduced to neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan. The two countries accepted the Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror from a country called Tang, but the aspect was different. Except for the The Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror excavated from Maro mountain fortress(馬老山城), Korea is presumed to have introduced the eastward trend that was cast from China as there remain examples of poor casting. On the other hand, in Japan, four Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror are held in Shosoin(正倉院), and they are in good casting condition and have elaborate and detailed pattern expressions. This particular example is believed to have been handed down to by Japanese missions to Tang China dispatched to Tang from Japan at the time, and the period was considered to be the first half of the 8th century, when it was focused on accepting cultural elements. Therefore, it can be seen that The Auspicious Animals and Grapes Bronze Mirror of the Tang Dynasty was one of the representative admiration that spread to surrounding countries in the 8th century, when production was popular.