염증성 장질환과 뇌질환의 상호작용: 장-뇌 축의 최신 이해

Interactions between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Brain Disorders: A Current Understanding of the Gut-Brain Axis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which primarily includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation and has a rising incidence globally. This review examines the link between IBD and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and depression, focusing on shared inflammatory mechanisms through the gut-brain axis. Intestinal inflammation affects neurodegenerative conditions by acting through the vagus nerve and blood vessels. Genetic overlaps, including mutations in BIN1, TNF, LRRK2, and NOD2, have been identified in IBD, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease, suggesting common pathways in disease progression. Additionally, IBD is associated with a higher risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating that gut inflammation may contribute to changes in brain structure and function. Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, ongoing research into the gut-brain axis is expected to enhance our understanding of its impact on brain health and pave the way for new therapeutic interventions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the interplay between IBD and brain disorders, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.