제왕절개 수술이 신생아의 건강에 미치는 영향 - 장내 미생물을 중심으로

The Effect of Cesarean Section on Neonatal Health: Focusing on Gut Microbiota

Objectives: The study aims to investigate whether the mode of delivery (vaginal delivery vs cesarean section) influences the composition of the neonatal gut microbiome and its potential role in increasing the risk of various diseases. The study focuses on comparing the microbiota of babies born by vaginal delivery (BV) and those born by cesarean section (BC), while analyzing the long-term health implications. Methods: This review analyzed existing literature on the relationship between delivery mode and neonatal gut microbiome composition. Studies comparing the microbiota composition of BV and BC infants were examined, along with research on the association between microbial dysbiosis and disease occurrence. The potential impact of interventions such as breastfeeding, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and probiotics on mitigating gut dysbiosis in BC infants was also explored. Results: BV were found to have a gut microbiome rich in beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium, Escherichia, and Bacteroides, while BC had higher levels of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Klebsiella, and Clostridium perfringens. BC infants also displayed reduced microbial diversity, contributing to increased susceptibility to diseases such as asthma, type 1 and 2 diabetes, obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder. Breastfeeding and FMT were found to alleviate dysbiosis in BC infants, with probiotics showing potential, though conclusive benefits are yet to be established. Conclusions: Cesarean section can cause dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in newborns, increasing the risk of several diseases. These factors should be carefully considered when opting for a cesarean section, and interventions like breastfeeding and FMT can help restore healthier microbial balance.