분묘를 통해 본 조선후기 영동지역 사회변화 - 고성 아야진리 유적을 중심으로

Social Changes in the Youngdong Region of Gangwon-do in the Late Joseon Dynasty Seen through Burial Grounds : Focusing on the Goseong Ayajin-ri Relics

본고는 강원도 고성군 아야진리에서 발굴조사된 조선시대 분묘군에 대해 검토결과를 바탕으로 작성한 것이다. 아야진리에서는 170여 기의 조선시대 분묘가 조사되었는데, 이는 영동지역 기존 발굴조사에서 확인된 분묘군과 비교해서 입지와 수량 및 밀집도에서 확연히 다른 양상이다. 아야진리 유적에서 조사된 조선시대 분묘들은 출토유물로 볼 때 18세기를 중심으로 조성되었음을확인하였다. 이와 같은 분묘의 변화 요인을 확인하기 위해 문헌기록을 살펴본 결과 아야진리가 위치한강원 영동지역은 18세기 후반 기후변화와 관련된 가뭄·홍수와 같은 자연재해로 인해 재지민이 감소하고, 유민의 이주정책으로 인해 이주민이 증가하면서 간성군의 인구 구성이 변화하였음을 알 수있었다. 또한 아야진리가 간성군 내에서 두 번째로 규모가 큰 어항으로서의 입지 조건을 갖추고 있다는 기록이 확인되어 조선후기 마을이 성장할 수 있는 원동력을 확인할 수 있었다. 거기다 인근 청간역을 통해바다와 내륙을 이어주는 물류의 거점으로 경제활동이 유리한 지역이었다. 따라서 조선후기 아야진리에 거주했던 사람들은 안정적인 경제력으로 바탕으로 대규모 분묘군을 조성할 수 있었고, 마을 내에서경제적, 신분적 차이가 존재했음에도 불구하고 무덤을 조성하는 묘역의 구분에서도 재지민들이 중심이 되는 마을에 비해 엄격하지 않았을 가능성이 높다. 따라서 아야진리 유적에서 확인된 분묘군은 강원영동지역 조선후기 사회 경제적 변화의 양상을 잘 보여주는 고고학적 자료로 판단된다.

The purpose of this article is to review on the burial grounds of the Joseon Dynasty that are excavated and surveyed from Ayajin-ri of Goseong-gun in Gangwon-do. In Ayajin-ri, the survey was administered for the 175 burial grounds of the Joseon Dynasty and this endeavor demonstrated a clear difference in terms of location, quantity and degree of concentration when compared to the burial grounds confirmed from existing excavation and survey in the Youngdong region. Those burial grounds of the Joseon Dynasty surveyed from the relics of Ayajin-ri confirm that, considering the excavated relics, they were established around the 18th century. Therefore, in order to find out the causes of changes in location, quantity and so forth of those burial grounds for the Ayajin-ri relics in the latter Joseon, the change of population was taken a look first, but the population increase was not a determining cause. The Youngdong region of Gangwon where Ayajin-ri situates had intense natural disasters, such as, drought, flood and the like, as related to the 18th century climate change (little ice age), and the fluctuation of population through occurrence and inflow of the stray residents as well as migration of people was made in a very short period of time. When comparing the change of total number of populations before and after natural disaster, the population was declined, but the ratio of migrating people was rather increased compared to the existing residents. Those migrant people are considered as gathering around Ayajin-ri, a fishery village where it is more advantageous to the natural disaster compared to the agriculture villages as well as avoiding conflicts with the existing residents. In addition, Ayajin-ri was not just a simple fishery village but was an area more suited to economic activities as the hub of logistics that linked the sea and continent through the nearby Cheongganyeok. Accordingly, people who resided in Ayajin-ri during the latter Joseon were able to establish large-scale burial grounds on the basis of their stable economic power, and notwithstanding the fact that there was different economic and personal status within the village, it is highly likely that the classification of tomb sites to build up the tombs was not as restrictive as the villages where the existing residents were main line residents. Therefore, those burial grounds confirmed in the Ayajin-ri relics would be considered as the archaeological data that demonstrated the tendency of social and economic changes in the latter Joseon Period.