明清汝州进士的时空分布研究

A Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Scholars in Ruzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

The study of regional Jinshi is not only the basic work of character study and Imperial examination system study, but also the main content of regional cultural study. Most of the studies on Jinshi are focused on the key imperial examination cities in the south of the Yangtze River. Henan, as the heart of Central Plain, has little research on Jinshi. Take Ruzhou, Henan province as an example. Ruzhou has a long history. It was the prefecture of prefectures in the past dynasties and was still Zhili Prefecture in the Ming and Qing dynasties.But two generations of Jinshi only 58 people, in Henan Jinshi relatively low.Through the existing historical materials on the number of jinshi in Ruzhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties and personal information statistics, research on the distribution of jinshi groups in Ruzhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties, it can be found that the number of jinshi in Ruzhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties can be divided into five phases in time, and each phase has its own special reasons for the formation of the four counties in space, the number of jinshi in the four counties is different because of the different natural geography of the counties, the counties were established in the time, the different sources of the economy brought about by different differences in the development of conditions and the disparity in the construction of educational facilities and cultural atmosphere in each county. The study of the interaction between the Jinshi group in Ruzhou and the state and society shows the local development of Ruzhou, which is of great significance to the society and culture.

区域进士研究是人物研究和科举制度研究的基础工作，也是区域文化研究的主要内容。现有的区域进士研究多集中于江南一带科举重镇，河南作为中原腹心，其进士研究则较少。以河南汝州为例，汝州历史悠久，是历代郡州治所，在明清时期还是直隶州，战略意义重大，但两代进士仅58 人，在河南进士中占比较低。通过现存史料对明清汝州进士数量和个人信息进行统计，研究明清汝州进士群体的分布情况，可以发现明清汝州进士数量在时间上可分为五个阶段，每个阶段各有其特殊的形成原因；在空间上，四县进士数量不同是由于各县不同的自然地理环境，各县建立时间、经济来源不同带来的发展状况差异，以及各县教育设施建设及文化氛围差距。研究汝州进士群体与国家、社会的互动，展现了汝州当地的发展情况，对于社会文化具有重要意义。