现代性视阈下马克思对“非神圣形象自我异化”的批判及其当代价值

Marx’s Critique of “Self-alienation of the Unholy Image” in the Perspective of Modernity and Its Contemporary Value

In the “Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”, Marx put forward that the “self-alienation of non-sacred images” should be criticized. In terms of the critical logic, to analyze Marx’s critique of the “self-alienation of non-sacred images”, it can generally be analyzed from three periods, namely the theoretical starting point of the critique, the comprehensive unfolding of the critique, and the practical exploration of the critique, so as to gradually grasp and understand the essence of Marx’s critique of the “self-alienation of non-sacred images”. Briefly speaking, what Marx’s critique of the “self-alienation of non-sacred images” fundamentally aimed to solve was the problem of human freedom and all-round development, to break the alienation shackles that confined human beings themselves, and then to pursue the answers to how human beings become human and how they become themselves. Meanwhile, Marx’s critique theory of the “self-alienation of non-sacred images” partly constitutes the thought of modernity critique. This thought is a theoretical weapon for alleviating the pains of modernity and opening up the path for the future development of human society, and it has important theoretical and contemporary values.

马克思在《<黑格尔法哲学批判>导言》中提出应当对“非神圣形象的自我异化”进行批判，就批判逻辑展开，探析马克思对“非神圣形象自我异化”的批判，大体上可以从批判的理论起点、批判的全面展开、批判的实践探索这三个时期进行分析，从而逐步把握和理解马克思对“非神圣形象自我异化”的批判实质。概而言之，马克思对“非神圣形象自我异化”的批判其根本要解决的是人的自由与全面发展的问题，破除禁锢在人自身、本身的异化枷锁，进而追寻人何以成为人，何以成为其本身的答案。同时，马克思对“非神圣形象自我异化”的批判理论部分地构成了现代性批判的思想，这一思想是缓解现代性痛苦和开辟人类社会未来发展道路的理论武器，具有重要的理论和时代价值。