论深度伪造技术背景下的视频证据验真——以美国理论和实践为例

On the Authentication of Video Evidence in the Context of Deepfake Technology—Taking American Theory and Practice as an Example

The trend of digitization of evidence and the easy availability of deepfake technology provide opportunities for this technology to invade criminal proceedings. In the context of deepfake technology, the authentication of video evidence has become a challenge that the criminal litigation academic community has to face. Taiwan’s criminal procedure legislation lacks authentication rules for digital evidence, including video evidence. As an experience that can be used as a reference, the existing authentication rules and theories in the United States have also shown shortcomings when dealing with the authentication of video evidence in the context of deepfake technology. There is also controversy in the academic community on whether to improve the authentication standards of video evidence. But even so, Taiwan region can still draw some useful inspiration from the debates in American academic circles. In this regard, Taiwan region can use the theory and practice of the United States as a mirror to build an open authentication framework for the authentication of digital evidence such as videos when revising the law in the future.

证据的数位化趋势和深度伪造技术的易获取性为深度伪造技术入侵刑事诉讼提供了契机。在深伪技术背景下，视频证据验真成为刑事诉讼学界不得不面临的挑战。台湾地区刑事诉讼立法中缺乏针对包括视频证据在内的数位证据的验真规则。作为可予参照的经验，美国既有的验真规则和理论在处理深度伪造技术背景下的视频证据验真时，亦显现出不足，学界对是否要提高视频证据的验真标准也颇有争议。但即便如此，台湾地区仍可从美国学界的争论中获取一些有益的启示。对此，台湾地区可以美国的理论和实践为镜鉴，在未来修法时，针对视频等数位证据的验真，建构一个开放性的验真框架。