袭警罪客观要件的认定研究

Research on the Determination of Objective Elements

Assaulting police officers poses numerous dangers, not only infringing upon the personal rights of law enforcement but also challenging the authority of the law. The Criminal Law Amendment (Eleventh) has established the crime of assaulting police officers to regulate such criminal acts through criminal law. However, this paper finds that there are still certain issues in the application of the crime of assaulting police officers in judicial practice. The paper argues that the underlying reasons for the aforementioned problems lie in the need to clarify the legal interests protected by the crime of assaulting police officers and to resolve disputes over the determination of objective elements of this crime. In the view of this paper, the legal interest protected by the crime of assaulting police officers should be a singular interest, namely, the police power to enforce the law, rather than the so-called multiple legal interests. Based on this, in the determination of objective elements, “violent assault” should adhere to a narrow interpretation limited to direct violence against individuals, and should also have characteristics of initiative and suddenness; the legality of official actions should adhere to a dual test standard, maintaining both formal and substantive legality standards; the determination of “people’s police” should maintain a differentiated approach, considering auxiliary police officers in different contexts, and strike a balance between human rights protection and legal interest protection.

袭警行为危害诸多，不仅侵害警察人身权利，更是对法律的挑衅。《刑法修正案（十一）》设立了袭警罪以达到对袭警犯罪的刑法规制，然而，本文发现，袭警罪的适用在司法实践中仍存在一定问题。本文认为，上述问题的深层原因在于，袭警罪的法益有待辨析，以及袭警罪客观要件的认定争议也应该予以澄清。本文看来，袭警罪的法益应是一种单一法益，即警察执法权，而不是所谓的复数法益。基于此，在客观要件要素的认定中，“暴力袭击”应坚持狭义论限于对人的直接暴力，还应具有主动性和突然性的特点；职务行为的合法性应坚持双重检验标准，坚持形式和实质的合法性标准；“人民警察”的认定，应坚持区分说对辅警分场合进行看待，在人权保障和法益保护的两端中取得平衡。