《论犹太人问题》中的人权论断及其当代启示

Human Rights Assertions in On the Jewish Question and the Contemporary Revelations

The Marxist idea of human rights is rooted in the dilemma of modern German social development, sprouted from the deviation between the logic of capital and the original intention of human rights, and developed in the process of transcending the paradox of Enlightenment human rights. In On the Jewish Question, Marx analyzed the concept of human rights for the first time in a systematic and comprehensive way, defining two propositions of human rights, breaking down the dichotomy between civil society and the political state, analyzing the four basic human rights, realizing the dialectical unity of substantive human rights and formal human rights, and setting up a new goal of human rights, which is to rectify the divided human nature and to restore the intrinsic power of the self. Marxist human rights thought has deconstructed Enlightenment human rights theory and constructed scientific human rights thought, and its assertions are of great significance in promoting the cause of human rights, and have continued to influence human rights theory and practice in the world and China.

马克思主义人权思想根植于近代德意志社会发展困境，萌芽于资本逻辑与人权初衷的背离，生发于对启蒙人权悖谬的超越。在《论犹太人问题》中，马克思首次系统且全面地剖析“人权”概念，他界定两种人权命题，破除市民社会和政治国家的二元对立；剖析四项基本人权，实现实质人权与形式人权的辩证统一；设立人权的新目标，整全分裂人性与复归自身的固有力量。马克思主义人权思想解构启蒙人权理论，建构科学的人权思想，其论断对于推动人权事业建设具有重要意义，持续影响着世界和中国的人权理论研究和人权实践运动。