DACUM 기법을 적용한 응급의료 취약지역 응급실 간호사의 직무분석

Job Analysis of Nurses working Emergency Departments in Medically Vulnerable Areas: Using Developing a Curriculum Process

본 연구의 목적은 응급의료 취약지역 응급실 간호사의 직무 역량을 확인하고자 DACUM(Developing a Curriculum) 기법을 적용하여 직무를 정의하고 직무를 분석하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구 방법은 경상남도 소재 응급의료 취약지역 지역응급의료기관에서 근무하는 간호사를 대상으로 하였다. DACUM 위원회를 구성, 워크숍 개최 및 결과를 내용 분석하여 항목화함으로써 DACUM chart를 작성하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 임무(Duty), 일(Task) 및 일의 요소(Task element)에 대한 빈도, 중요도, 난이도는 Likert 4점 척도를 이용하여 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 응급의료 취약지역 응급실 간호사에게 빈도가 높은 임무는 환자와 검체 이송, 중요도가 높은 임무는 기본간호, 어려운 난이도의 임무는 응급환자 간호로 나타났다. 중요도와 난이도를 곱한 결정계수가 높은 일의 요소는 심폐소생술을 포함한 심혈관 응급증상이 있는 환자의 간호 수행으로 파악되었다. 따라서 응급의료 취약지역 응급실 간호사를 위한 임상 경력개발제도, 상급종합병원 교육 전담간호사의 배치 지원 프로그램 또는 응급실 간호사를 포함한 응급의료종사자의 인력 확보 방안 등의 정책적 접근이 필요함을 제언한다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the job competencies of emergency room nurses in vulnerable emergency medical areas by applying the DACUM (Developing a Curriculum) technique to define and analyze jobs. The research method was to target nurses working in emergency medical institutions in vulnerable emergency medical areas in Gyeongsangnam-do. The DACUM committee was formed, workshops were held, and the results were analyzed and categorized to create a DACUM chart. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program to calculate the mean and standard deviation for the frequency, importance, and difficulty of duty, task, and task elements using a Likert 4-point scale. According to the results of the study, the most frequent tasks for emergency room nurses in vulnerable emergency medical areas were patient and specimen transfer, the most important tasks were basic nursing, and the most difficult tasks were emergency patient nursing. The task element with a high coefficient of determination, which is the product of importance and difficulty, was identified as performing nursing for patients with cardiovascular emergency symptoms including cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, we suggest that policy approaches such as a clinical career development system for emergency room nurses in areas vulnerable to emergency medical care, a program to support the placement of specialized nurses in education at Certified tertiary hospitals, or a plan to secure human resources for emergency medical workers including emergency room nurses are necessary.