Developing Curriculums for Cognitive Improvement of Leadership to Undergraduate Students in China

Purpose: Internationally, curriculums related to leadership development was a general discussion in higher education, since leadership development might decide to life quality of future generation in the lateral world (Aguayo et al., 2021); however, recent years, Chinese scholars in leadership development also realized students in the nation needed to develop suitable leadership for future preparations (Allen et al., 2022; Chankseliani et al., 2021); actually, there were studies related to leadership development for university students conducting in Chinese universities, whereas, there are barriers to cognitive development in leadership for students in higher education in China (Xing et al., 2023); thus the researcher conducted the literature reviews to contribute perspectives in the fields Method: the research was a work of literature review; the researcher synthesized a total of 20 academic articles about the research topic, then, making integration with them; the researcher would like to conduct to the following research questions and respond to the both questions as the research findings; furthermore, literature searching was done in a week, as well, there were extra two weeks for reading and synthesizing according to keywords in relative field; all academic resource was from known engines like google scholar, research gate, open library, etc. Result: the study included two research questions; major findings based on the two research questions: (a) there were two main barriers to cognitive development for students in higher education in China: cultural barriers and differences in community practice; (b) there were three suitable categories of curriculums that could improve cognitions of leadership for students in higher education in China: managerial training (Guan Li Pei Xun), extra-activities in managerial improvement (Guan Li Ji Neng Ti Sheng Huo Dong) and students’ communities in universities (Xue Sheng She Tuan). Conclusion: In summary, the study might offer perspectives about what and how instructors to conduct effective instruction for students in Chinese higher education.