马克思政治经济学方法对苏格兰启蒙思想的超越——以“物质利益”研究为线索

The Transcendence of Marxist Political Economy Method over Scottish Enlightenment Thought: The Study of Material Interests as a Clue

Since political economy was born in the 17th century, classical political economists have shown a non-linear development trend in their historical positioning of interests. Marx, based on the “practical turn”of the category of material interests, elaborates on the theoretical provisions of selfishness in Smith’s category “division of labor” and the moral discourse involved in Ferguson’s category of “civilized society”, Marx elaborates on Smith’s theorisation of egoism in the category of ‘division of labour’ and Ferguson’s category of ‘civilised society’, and then captures the political issues of social order and civilisation in the category of material interests.. Based on his grasp of the whole picture of the category of material interests, Marx reveals the fluidity of the scientific demands of material interests in the process of their concrete generation, as well as the practical space and value of the time for further exploration.

自政治经济学从十七世纪诞生以来，古典政治经济学家们对物质利益的历史定位，呈现出非线性的发展态势。马克思立足于物质利益范畴的“现实转向”，详细阐明斯密“劳动分工”范畴中利己主义的理论化规定与弗格森“文明社会”范畴中的“道德话语”关涉，进而捕捉到物质利益范畴所关涉的社会秩序和文明政治问题。马克思立足于对物质利益范畴的思想全貌的把握，揭示了物质利益在其具体生成过程中所呈现的科学诉求的流动性，及其继续探讨的现实空间和时代价值。