اللاشعور وتجلياته اللغوية الدالّة على الصدمة النفسية في النص: ثلاث روايات لسنان أنطون أنموذجًا

the Unconscious and its Linguistic Manifestation of the Trauma in the Text: the Three Novels of Sinan Antoon as a Case Study

Literature and psychoanalysis share a profound relationship. Psychoanalysis has used literary works to ground its abstract theories and broaden the understanding of the human psyche, while literature has turned to psychoanalysis to explore the hidden depths of texts. Psychoanalytic approaches to literature began to take shape after Freud’s discovery of the unconscious, with psychoanalysts and literary critics employing psychoanalytic theories as key tools in literary criticism. In its early stages, these efforts focused on analyzing the mental states of authors or the psychological conditions of characters in literary works. However, Jacques Lacan’s structuralist psychoanalysis integrates linguistics with psychoanalysis, based on the fundamental idea that “the unconscious is structured like a language.” Based on this concept, Lacanian psychoanalysis aims to focus on the text itself, particularly the written words, i.e., the signifiers, in order to explore the mental phenomena that are latent and hidden beneath the surface of the text. Based on this, the study aims to analyze the psychological trauma latent in the unconscious as a result of the traumatic events in three novels by Iraqi writer Sinan Antoon: I'jaam, Wahdaha Shajarat al-Rumman, and Ya Maryam. The researcher focuses on the signifiers superficially revealed in the text, analyzing and deconstructing them in relation to the characters' traumatic experiences, in order to uncover the traumatic mental states hidden beneath the surface of the text—i.e., in its deeper layers—by examining the unconscious mechanisms through which they were formed.