북한이탈주민의 범죄피해경험이 일반적 범죄피해두려움에 미치는 영향 : 범죄 취약성을 중심으로

The Impact of North Korean Defectors' Experience of being a Victim of Crime on Their General Fear of being a Victim of Crime : Focusing on Vulnerability to Crime

범죄피해두려움에 관한 선행연구에 있어서 범죄피해경험은 끊임없이 논란이 되고 있는 주제이다. 특히 직접적인 범죄피해경험과 범죄피해두려움은 국내외를 불문하고 상반된 결과가 제시되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 북한이탈주민이 북한에서 발생한 직접적인 범죄피해경험이 남한 사회에서 범죄피해두려움에 어떠한 영향을 가지게 되는가를 실증적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 특히 이에 본 연구에서는 범죄에 대한 취약성은 개인 스스로가 어떻게 인식하는가를 중심으로 북한이탈주민의 직접적인 범죄피해경험과 일반적 범죄피해두려움에 있어서 범죄취약성이 가지는 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해 북한이탈주민을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 토대로 연구목적을 달성하였다. 연구 결과 북한에서의 직접적인 범죄피해경험은 남한 사회에서 있어서도 범죄피해두려움에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 범죄에 대한 취약성 역시 범죄피해두려움에 통계적으로 유의미한 결과로 제시되었다. 또한 북한이탈주민이 북한에서 경험한 직접적인 범죄피해경험은 남한 사회의 범죄에 대한 취약성이 일반적인 상황에서도 범죄피해두려움에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 직접적인 범죄피해경험은 다른 사회에 있어서도 범죄피해에 있어서 두려움을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 북한이탈주민에 대한 범죄피해 두려움을 해소할 수 있는 치안정책을 논의하고자 하였다.

In previous research on fear of crime victimization, the experience of crime victimization is a constantly controversial topic. In particular, conflicting results are presented regarding direct experience of being a victim of crime and fear of being a victim of crime, regardless of whether it is domestic or foreign. Accordingly, this study sought to empirically verify how North Korean defectors' direct experience of being a victim of crime in North Korea has an impact on their fear of being a victim of crime in Korean society. In this study, we sought to verify the moderating effect of crime vulnerability on the direct experience of crime victimization and general fear of crime victimization of North Korean defectors, focusing on how individuals themselves perceive vulnerability to crime. We sought to verify the moderating effect of crime vulnerability on North Korean defectors' direct experience of crime victimization and general fear of crime victimization, focusing on how individuals perceive their vulnerability to crime. Additionally, for the purpose of the study, the research objective was achieved based on a self-administered survey targeting North Korean defectors. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that direct experience of being a victim of crime in North Korea has an impact on the fear of being a victim of crime in Korean society, and vulnerability to crime was also presented as a statistically significant result in the fear of being a victim of a crime. It was confirmed that North Korean defectors' direct experience of being a victim of crime in North Korea had an effect on their fear of being a victim of crime even in situations where the vulnerability to crime in South Korean society is general. In other words, direct experience of being a victim of crime confirmed that people have a fear of being a victim of crime in other societies as well. Based on these research results, we attempted to discuss security policies that could alleviate the fear of crime victimization of North Korean defectors.