일제강점기 종교건축물의 전용轉用과 활용活用 - 보천교普天敎 십일전十一殿에서 조계사 대웅전으로

Conversion and Utilization among Religious Constructions during the Japanese Colonial Era : Focusing on the Change from Bocheongyo Sibiljeon Hall to Jogyesa Daeungjeon Hall

조계종 대웅전은 화려한 조각을 장식한 창호가 특징적이다. 이 전각은 1938년 조선불교계에서 통합종단을 설립하면서 지은 총본산總本山의 대웅전으로써 정읍 소재의 신종교 보천교普天敎의 본전 십일전十一殿을 ‘그대로’ 옮겨 지은 것이다. 1929년 준공한 십일전은 건립 당시 ‘궁궐 같은 화려하고 굉장한 건물’로 칭송받았으며, 불교계에서 1937년 매입하여 대웅전으로 삼았을 때에도 창호 장식은 불교 의장으로써 수용되었다. 신종교 보천교는 성전을 창건하면서 궁궐 장식화의 소재와 사찰 장엄 방식을 참고하여 새로운 종교 의장을 완성하였다. 궁중 화조영모화 병풍을 재현하듯, 전각 4면에 나무로 조각한 화조와 영모장식을 창호에 부착하였다. 양식적인 측면에서는 국내에 유통된 일본 유명 화가들의 화조도 판화의 영향이 엿보인다. 보천교의 십일전은 궁궐과 사찰건축 의장을 토대로 완성되었기 때문에 총본산의 대웅전으로 전용될 때 거부감이 적었으며, 오히려 해방 이후 불전 창호 장엄에 영향을 미치기도 하였다.

One of the great features of Jogyesa Temple’s Daeungjeon Hall is its splendid carved windows. Daeungjeon Hall was built in 1938 when Joseon’s Buddhist community established an integrated sect. However, its origin was actually the Sibiljeon Hall of the sanctuary of a newly emerging religion, Bocheongyo, which was located in Jeongeup. This indicates that the wooden structures of Sibiljeon Hall were literally moved and used to build Daeungjeon Hall. Completed in 1929, Sibiljeon Hall was complimented as a “spectacular and magnificent construction akin to a palace” at the time, and even when the Buddhist community purchased it in 1937 and remodeled it into Daeungjeon Hall, the decorations were accepted without any backlash as a Buddhist design. Bocheongyo, as a new religion, created a new religious design for its sacred hall by referring to the subjects of the decorative paintings of royal palaces and the methods of decorating temples. Seemingly in an effort to reproduce the royal style of flower, bird and animal painting used to decorate a folding screen, wood-carved flower-bird and animal decorations were attached to the windows on all four sides of the pavilion. In terms of style, this shows the influence of a famous Japanese painter’s woodblock prints, which were introduced into Korea. Because the Bocheongyo Sibiljeon Hall was completed based on the styles of decoration used in palaces and temples, there was less resistance when they were dedicated to the Daeungjeon Hall of the Buddhist headquarters, and they even influenced the majesty of the Buddhist temple windows after Korea’s liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945.