국제 인공지능 거버넌스와 기업의 역할과 책임

International Governance for Artificial Intelligence and Corporation’s Role and Responsibility

With increasing competition among states to take part in the formation of international governance for artificial intelligence, more discussions are taking place on role and responsibility of corporations considering their role in developing, using and managing the personal data of individuals for artificial intelligence. Discussions on the responsibility of corporations already began to take place in the early 2000s in the international platform, which led to the adoption of the UN Global Compact, OECD Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises, and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, emphasizing the human rights responsibilities of corporations. In order to implement these Guiding Principles, more than 30 countries today have adopted their own National Action Plans within their own countries. And the UN Office of the High Commissioner is now reviewing a draft on regulation of multinational enterprises to stregnthen these regulations. While many of these instruments focused on the role of the state duty to protect, new instruments on international governance for artificial intelligence are now beginning to focus more directly on regulating the corporation itself. For example, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and the OECD AI Principles provide guidelines for not only states but also artificial intelligence actors and organizations, which include corporations. The G7 Hiroshima process on Artificial Intelligence which led to the adoption of its own Guiding Principles and Code of Conduct that was largely led by Japan also provides risk management approaches for corporations. On the other hand, the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence does not directly regulate corporations, but it does impose certain indirect responsibilities on corporations through the state. As such, there is increasing emphasis on the role of corporations in the development of international governance of artificial intelligence and this paper aims to highlight the recent developments as well as the key issues addressed by the relevant stakeholders.