몽골 문화유산 보호 법체계 변화 연구 - 민주화 혁명 이후(1992~2001년)를 중심으로

A study of changes in the legal system of preservation of cultural heritage of Mongolia : After the Democratic Revolution (1992-2001)

In 1992-2001, legislation of Mongolian cultural heritage protection consisted of the Constitution of Mongolia, international conventions, the Law on Culture and the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, other laws such as the Civil and Criminal Law, and regulations and rules related to the protection of cultural heritage. Before 1990, during the socialist period, the provisions on the protection of cultural heritage were not clearly included in the Constitution and other laws of Mongolia. Only the “Rules on the Preservation of Antiquities” approved in 1924 and repealed in 1940, the “Rules on the Preservation of Antiquities” approved in 1941 and repealed in 1970, and the “Law on Protection of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of Mongolia” approved in 1970 and repealed in 1994 regulated issues related to preservation and protection of cultural heritage. Mongolia abandoned the socialist society in 1990 and made reforms in the legal framework. Connected this reform, there has been a change in the legal ideas and system of preservation and protection of cultural heritage. In 1992, the Constitution of Mongolia was redrafted in line with the changes in the social system, and for the first time, provisions on preservation and protection of cultural heritage were included in it. In line with the spirit of the newly approved Constitution, one of the new laws and legal acts is the Law on the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments passed in 1994. Also, in 1996, the Law on Culture was approved for the first time, and provisions related to preservation and protection of historical and cultural monuments or cultural heritage were included in it. Also, the Civil and Criminal Laws have been reformed, and provisions related to preservation and protection of cultural heritage have been specifically included. In addition, since 1990, Mongolia has actively joined the international convention for the protection of cultural heritage.