지속가능한 몽골 광업을 위한 광해관리 사례 연구 - 요유톨고이(Oyu Tolgoi) 광산을 중심으로

A Case Study of Mine Reclamation for Sustainable Mining in Mongolia : Focusing on the Oyu Tolgoi Mine

This study examines case studies of mine reclamation efforts for the sustainable development of the Oyu Tolgoi mine, which plays a pivotal role in driving Mongolia's economy. According to the National Statistics Office of Mongolia, the country’s economy is heavily dependent on the mining sector, which contributes 25.1% of the GDP, 57.7% of industrial production, and over 90% of exports. The Oyu Tolgoi mine, developed in 2009 through a joint investment between Rio Tinto and the Mongolian government, has become a cornerstone of Mongolia's economic framework. Despite its economic importance, mining development has brought about significant environmental challenges and social issues for local communities. Specifically, mining operations have resulted in water pollution, ecosystem degradation, and conflicts with nearby communities. This study analyzes the current development practices at the Oyu Tolgoi mine and the associated mine reclamation efforts, which aim to mitigate environmental damage and restore the land. The research also presents a comprehensive review of the reclamation strategies employed, offering critical insights for future studies and sustainable mining practices in Mongolia.