ТӨВ АЗИЙН ЦӨЛИЙН НҮҮДЭЛЧИН ӨРХИЙН МАЛ АЖ АХУЙД ЦАГ УУРЫН ӨӨРЧЛӨЛТИЙН ҮЗҮҮЛЖ БУЙ НӨЛӨӨЛӨЛ, ТҮҮНД ДАСАН ЗОХИЦОХ ЧАДВАРЫН ЗАРИМ АСУУДЛУУД - Монголын говийн бүсийн жишээн дээр

THE IMPACT OF WEATHER CHANGE ON THE LIVESTOCK OF NOMADIAN DESERTS OF CENTRAL ASIA AND SOME ISSUES OF ADAPTATION TO IT - On t he e xam ple of t he G obi region o f Mongolia

Mongolia is a country with a harsh climate, with cold winters, hot summers, frequent sudden winds and storms, low rainfall, lack of humidity, dryness, and droughts, and four seasons. Mongolia is one of 11 countries experiencing desertification, declining pasture capacity, declining water supplies, and drying air. In the 60 years since 1940 (1940-2004), global warming has increased by 0.7 degrees Celsius, while the temperature in Mongolia has increased by 2.3 degrees Celsius, or three times faster, leading to the occurrence and frequency of droughts and dzuds, and the extent of damage caused is increasing dramatically. In the last 20 years, from 2004 to 2013, 3,102 disasters and dangerous events occurred in Mongolia. This number increased by 30.2 percent from 2014 to 2023, or the next 10 years. In particular, from 2001 to 2022, 565 people lost their lives, 29.763 million head of livestock were killed, and 809.2 billion tugriks worth of damage was caused due to weather-related disasters. Also, in the first four months of 2024, 7.4 million large livestock were illegally slaughtered nationwide, an increase of 5.5 million (4.0 times) from the same period last year. Animal husbandry remains a sector that plays a huge role in ensuring the social and economic balance and stability of Mongolia. The 1990 revolution, which transitioned from socialism to the market, dismantled the herders' cooperatives with state intervention, and returned them to the nomadic herders' household farming pattern of the 1940s, which was devoid of collective management, selfish, and geographically dispersed, which contributed to the extremely weak and vulnerable ability of our agriculture to resist, adapt, and survive climate change, as shown by the results of the Labor Market Supply and Demand Barometer survey conducted in 2024. This climate change risk is a natural factor and a real challenge that is occurring in every province of Mongolia and could severely affect labor supply and demand. Measures to counteract and adapt to the impact of this factor should be considered not only at the regional but also at the national policy level.