数据跨境流动标准之司法审查

Judicial Review on Data Cross-border Flow Standards

As a high-risk, professional and transnational data flow regulation, data standards serve the technical normative effect of crossing political barriers. In order to prevent the hollowing out of data rule of law and reduce the jurisdictional conflict of data cross-border flow, the court must conduct judicial review of data flow legislation and standards to promote the unified coordination of data standards across barriers, but the practical operation is complicated and difficult. EU case law is strictly reviewed with reference to data legislation, directives and standards. Based on the analysis of China's judicial cases, the judicial review of data cross-border flow and the judicial review of data standards are strengthened. The main processes include defining relevant data markets, jurisdiction review, legality review, necessity review and proportionality review.

作为高风险、专业性、跨国化的数据流动规制，数据标准具有跨越政治壁垒的技术规范效应。为防止数据法治的空心化，减少数据跨境流动的管辖权冲突，法院须对数据流动立法和标准进行司法审查，促进跨越壁垒的数据标准的统一协调，但实践运作是复杂和困难的。欧盟案例法参考数据立法、指令和标准进行严格审查，基于我国司法案例的分析，数据跨境流动的司法审查，强化数据标准的司法审查，主要流程包括界定相关数据市场，合法性审查、相称性审查和必要性审查。