突发公共卫生事件中政府对个人信息的保护问题研究

Research on the Protection of Personal Information by the Government in Public Health Emergencies

In public health emergencies, how the government effectively protects personal information becomes a key issue, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the conflict between government information disclosure and personal information protection was particularly prominent. With the development of big data and information technology, personal information played an important role in epidemic prevention and control. However, its collection, storage, use, and disclosure also exposed serious issues related to information leakage. Current laws set clear requirements for the government in collecting and protecting personal information. The government must adhere to the principles of legality, legitimacy, and necessity when responding to emergencies, while balancing public health needs with the protection of personal privacy. Empirical analysis of epidemic reports from various cities across the country shows that there are risks of excessive collection and improper use of personal information in epidemic prevention and control. Experiences from abroad also demonstrate that the protection of personal information throughout the entire process should cover all stages, including collection, storage, use, and disclosure. By establishing effective legal and technological safeguards, it is possible to ensure the effective protection of citizens’ personal information rights during public health emergencies.

在突发公共卫生事件中，政府如何有效保护个人信息成为一个关键问题，尤其是在新冠疫情期间，政府的信息公开与个人信息保护之间的冲突尤为突出。随着大数据和信息技术的发展，个人信息在疫情防控中发挥了重要作用，但其收集、存储、使用和公开过程中也暴露了信息泄露的严重问题。现行法律对政府在收集和保护个人信息时提出了明确要求，政府在应对突发事件时必须遵循合法性、正当性和必要性的原则，同时要平衡公共卫生需求与个人隐私保护之间的矛盾。通过对全国多个城市流调报告的实证分析，可以发现个人信息在疫情防控中存在信息过度收集与不当使用的风险。域外的经验也表明，个人信息的全过程保护应贯穿信息的收集、存储、使用和公开等各个阶段，通过建立有效的法律和技术保障措施，从而确保在突发公共卫生事件中有效保护公民的个人信息权益。