The Generation Logic, Theoretical Core, and Value Connotation of the Propaganda Thought in Lenin's What Is to Be Done? (Burning Questions of Our Movement)

列宁《怎么办？》中宣传工作思想的生成逻辑、理论内核与价值意蕴

The ideological system of propaganda work constructed by Lenin in What Is To Be Done? (Burning Questions of Our Movement) was formed during the early period of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. In response to the theoretical confusion and organizational disarray within the party at that time, he emphasized the urgency of arming with Marxist theory through criticism of the erroneous trends of the “Economists.” This ideological system was rooted in both the basic principles of Marxism and the revolutionary practice in Russia. Its theoretical core is reflected in emphasizing the transformative function of “indoctrination theory” on workers' spontaneous consciousness at the epistemological level, building an organizational communication network centered around the “All-Russian Political Newspaper” at the methodological level, and establishing the principle of party spirit as the fundamental guideline for propaganda work at the value-level. This systematic propaganda ideology not only provided theoretical support for the construction of the Bolshevik party but also promoted the development of the Russian revolutionary situation through three mechanisms: organizational aggregation, ideological integration, and practical transformation. At the same time, the principle of combining theoretical armament with practical orientation offered historical references and methodological guidance for consolidating the leadership of mainstream ideology in the digital age.

列宁在《怎么办？》中构建的宣传工作思想体系形成于俄国社会民主工党初创时期，针对当时党内存在的理论混乱与组织涣散问题，通过批判“经济派”错误思潮确立了马克思主义理论武装的紧迫性。这一思想体系的生成根植于马克思主义基本原理与俄国革命实践的双重土壤，其理论内核体现为在认识论层面强调“灌输理论”对工人自发意识的改造功能、在方法论层面构建“全俄政治报”为核心的组织传播网络、在价值论层面确立党性原则作为宣传工作的根本遵循。这种系统化的宣传思想不仅为布尔什维克政党建设提供了理论支撑，更通过组织聚合、思想整合与实践转化三重机制推动了俄国革命形势的发展。同时，其强调的理论武装与实践导向相结合的原则，也为数字化时代巩固主流意识形态领导权提供了历史参照与方法论指导。