The Dilemma and Reconstruction of the Right to Personal Data Portability from the “Tiktok Refugee Phenomenon”

从“Tiktok 难民现象”看个人数据可携带权的困境与重构

Taking the “TikTok refugee phenomenon” as an entry point, this paper discusses the dilemma and reconstruction path of the right to portability of personal data in practice. As the U.S. government requires TikTok to separate from its parent company ByteDance for reasons of national security, millions of users are faced with the plight of being forced to migrate, but their personal data, such as their creative content and social relationship chains on TikTok, are difficult to be transferred in their entirety, exposing the real-life dilemma of the right to data portability. This paper analyzes the multiple dilemmas of the right to data portability at the technical, legal and geopolitical levels, such as platform monopoly, closed API interfaces, incompatible data formats, and legal conflicts over cross-border data flows, from the dimensions of sovereignty dismantling of digital power, and the need for rupture and continuity of digital personality. On this basis, two major solutions, blockchain-based Autonomous Sovereign Identity System and Digital Refugee Relief Fund, are proposed, aiming to reconfigure the data rights pattern through technical empowerment and economic compensation, and to guarantee users' full control and free migration of data.

本文以“TikTok 难民现象”为切入点，探讨了个人数据可携带权在实践中的困境与重构路径。随着美国政府以国家安全为由要求TikTok 与其母公司字节跳动分离，数百万用户面临被迫迁移的困境，但其在TikTok 上的创作内容与社交关系链等个人数据难以完整转移，暴露了数据可携带权的现实难题。本文从数字权力的主权消解、数字人格的断裂与延续性需求两个维度，分析了数据可携带权在技术、法律与地缘政治层面的多重困境，如平台垄断、API 接口封闭、数据格式不兼容以及跨境数据流动的法律冲突。在此基础上，提出了基于区块链的自主主权身份系统和数字难民救济基金两大解决方案，旨在通过技术赋权与经济补偿，重构数据权利格局，保障用户对数据的完全控制与自由迁移。