南希·弗雷泽的21 世纪社会主义：概念扩展、理论价值、人学空场

Nancy Fraser’s 21st-Century Socialism: Conceptual Expansion, Theoretical Contributions, and the Absence of Humanistic Dimension

In the new wave of socialist thought in the United States, Nancy Fraser’s theory of 21st century socialism has certain representativeness. Fraser emphasized that the theoretical framework for constructing socialism in the 21st century needs to be based on the deep expansion of the concept of capitalism as the logical starting point. Fraser extended the concept of capitalism by advocating that capitalism should be comprehensively understood as a holistic social structure that encompasses both non economic and economic systems, where the non economic system serves as the foundation of the economic system and is subject to erosion from the economic system. On this basis, 21st century socialism is conceived as an alternative to capitalism and reinterpreted as an institutionalized social order involving two major fields and their relationships. This alternative plan takes social justice and social reproduction as the core thread, and the new interpretation of the classic themes of “institutional division, social surplus value, and market” constitutes the core content of its theoretical framework. Fraser’s profound exploration of the definition of the concept of socialism in the 21st century demonstrates three theoretical advantages: transcending the narrow perspective of economism conceptually, demonstrating the correlation between socialism and practical problems, and innovatively interpreting classic socialist themes. Although Fraser’s 21st century socialist theory lacks consideration of the essence and liberation of human beings, and shows a tendency different from scientific socialism, it is undoubtedly a theoretical response to the comprehensive outbreak of the capitalist crisis in the United States.

在美国新一轮社会主义思潮中，南希•弗雷泽所提出的21 世纪社会主义理论具有一定的代表性。弗雷泽强调构建21 世纪社会主义的理论框架需以资本主义概念的深度拓展为逻辑起点。弗雷泽扩展资本主义概念主张资本主义应被全面理解为涵盖非经济体系与经济体系在内的总体性社会结构，其中非经济体系作为经济体系的基础，遭受着来自经济体系的侵蚀。在此基础上，21 世纪社会主义被构想为资本主义的替代方案，亦被重新诠释为一种涉及两大领域及其关系的制度化社会秩序。该替代方案以社会正义与社会再生产为核心线索，“制度划分、社会剩余价值、市场”经典主题的新阐释构成了其理论架构的核心内容。弗雷泽深刻探讨了21 世纪社会主义概念的界定展现出三大理论优势：在概念上超越了经济主义的狭隘视角、展现出社会主义与现实问题的关联性以及对社会主义经典主题的创新性阐释。尽管弗雷泽的21 世纪社会主义理论缺少有关人的本质与人的解放问题思考，并表现出有别于科学社会主义的倾向，但21 世纪社会主义理论无疑是对美国资本主义危机综合爆发的一种理论回应。