교류분석이론에 근거한 자율성 척도 개발 및 타당화

Development and Validation of an Autonomy Scale Based on Transactional Analysis Theory

본 연구는 교류분석 상담의 목표인 자율성을 측정할수 있는 척도를 개발하고 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 Berne이 제시한 자율성의 구성요소에 근거하여 자율성과 관련된 문헌 고찰, 기존 척도 분석, 심리상담 전문가 집단의 논의를 통해 구성 요인을 도출하여 최종 문항은 자각 5요인, 자발성 5요인, 친밀성 3요인으로 구성된 2차 요인 구조로 개발되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 21.0과 AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 본 조사에서 구인타당도 검증을 위해 총1,230명(탐색적 요인분석 894명, 확인적 요인분석에 336명)을 대상으로 자각 20문항, 자발성 17문항, 친밀성 13문항, 총 50개 문항의 적합성을 확인하였다. 자율성 척도 전체 신뢰도는 .915, 자각은 .824, 자발성은 .811, 친밀성은 .827로 나타났다. 공인타당도 검증을 위해 심리적 안녕감, 심리적 독립 척도와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과를 토대로 상담 현장에서 내담자의 자율성 회복을 위한 방안, 척도의 제한점과 향후 연구 방향 등에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale that can measure autonomy, which is the goal of transactional analysis counseling theory, and to verify its validity and reliability. To this end, 114 basic preparatory questions were extracted through a literature review on autonomy, analysis on existing scales, and discussions with a panel of psychological counselling experts. The content of these questions were then reviewed and validated twice by experts. Through this procedure, a preliminary survey was conducted on 262 participants each being surveyed 90 questions (37 related to self-awareness, 30 voluntarism, and 23 intimacy). Descriptive statistics, unidimensional analysis, and primary and secondary exploratory factor analysis were conducted and 55 final questions were selected (21 self-awareness, 20 voluntarism, and 14 intimacy). To verify the construct validity of the autonomy scale, a survey was conducted on 1,230 people. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 894 people and confirmatory factor analysis on 336 people. The autonomy scale was developed as a hierarchical second-order factor structure consisting of five self-awareness, five voluntarism, and three intimacy factors, and were made up of 20 questions of self-awareness, 17 voluntarism, and 13 intimacy for a total of 50 questions. The overall reliability(Cronbach’) of the autonomy scale was .915, self-awareness was .824, spontaneity was .811, and intimacy was .827. For concurrent validity analysis, correlation analysis with the psychological well-being and independence scales were conducted. The significance of this study lies in presenting a process to recover the autonomy of clients and developing a scale to measure such autonomy.