한국의 수출주도화정책과 일본의 협력: 한일국교정상화와 주은래 4원칙을 중심으로

South Korea’s Export-Led Policy and Japan’s Cooperation: Focusing on the Normalization of Korea-Japan Relations and the Four Principles of Zhou Enlai

Purpose: The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of liberation (1945) and the 60th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between Korea and Japan. In the meantime, the Korean economy has developed rapidly and has escaped the middle income trap from being a least developed country to a newly industrialized economiese (NIEs) and has entered the ranks of high-income countries, which refer to advanced countries. Research design, data, and methodology: The World Bank evaluated Korea as the only country in the East Asian miracle and high-growth region of East Asia that escaped the middle-income trap, and What emerged here was the export-led policy. The export-oriented industrialization policy, which was portrayed as a negative image of the shortcomings or contradictions of the Korean economy from the late 1970s to the mid-2000s, is now emerging as a catch-up model for advanced countries and an ideal model for underdeveloped countries, and export-oriented policies are being praised as having created today’s Korean economy. Results: Park Chung-hee’s export-oriented industrialization policy was implemented successively and overlappingly through the First Economic Development Five-Year Plan (1962-1967), the Second Economic Development Five-Year Plan (1967-71), and the Third Economic Development Five-Year Plan (1972-76). However, during this important period, a major event occurred in Northeast Asia and the world: the normalization of diplomatic relations between Korea and Japan in 1965. In April 1970, when Korea-Japan cooperation was going well, China (then the Communist Party of China) suddenly announced the Four Principles of Zhou Enlai, and Korea-Japan cooperation continued passively. Japanese loans to the heavy chemical industry were almost completely cut off, and there were major changes in Korea’s steel, shipbuilding, and automobile industries. Implications: Therefore, this study examined Korean materials that appear in the 1st Japan-Korea Economic Ministerial Conference ( August 11, 1 967) to t he 7 th J ap an-Korea R egular M inisterial C onference ( December 26, 1 973) of t he Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which are difficult to find in Korea, and searched for memoirs of those in charge during this period to analyze the background of the emergence of the export-led policy, the flow of Japanese funds, and the changes after the Four Principles of Zhou Enlai.