The Rational Paradox of Administrative Penalty Automatic Discretion Systems and Its Institutional Resolution

行政处罚自动裁量系统的理性悖论与制度化解

As an emerging governance tool, the administrative penalty automatic discretion system embodies a rational paradox due to its algorithmic technical principles, thereby facing a crisis of legitimacy. To resolve this paradox, it is necessary to emphasize, from the perspective of formal rationality, the integration of the system’s design and application with the principles of convenience, efficiency, neutrality, and equality, thereby highlighting the positive efficacy of technology. From the perspective of substantive rationality, it is essential to discern the legal and ethical risks posed by data dominance in automatic discretion systems. On the basis of balancing substantive and formal rationality, systemic adjustments to the administrative penalty automatic discretion system are required, including: at the institutional level, reconstructing the subjectivity of law enforcement agents to enable precise role positioning and proactive engagement in automated contexts; at the procedural level, constructing an axiomatic model to provide a rigorous and standardized procedural paradigm for automatic discretion. By reconciling the conflict between substantive and formal rationality, the administrative penalty automatic discretion system can be optimized, enhancing its legality and legitimacy.

行政处罚自动裁量系统作为新兴治理工具，因算法技术原理而存在理性悖论，面临正当性危机。化解行政处罚自动裁量系统的理性悖论，需站在形式理性角度，强调自动裁量系统的设计与应用与便民高效原则、中立平等原则相融合，彰显技术的积极效能；站在实质理性角度，需洞察自动裁量系统被数据支配的法律风险和伦理风险。在平衡实质理性与形式理性的基础上，还需要对行政处罚自动裁量系统作系统性调适，包括在制度主体层面，重塑执法者的主体性，使其在自动化情境中精准定位角色，发挥主观能动性；在程序设计层面，着力构建公理性模型，为自动裁量提供严谨规范的程序范式。通过调和实质理性与形式理性的冲突，能优化行政处罚自动裁量系统，增进其合法性与正当性。