Research on Constitutional Interpretation from the Perspective of Constitutional Review

合宪性审查视角下宪法解释研究

Based on the “affirmative view” of constitutional interpretation, and disregarding the procedural requirements, substantive constitutional interpretation exists in China, and under the “principle of functional appropriateness”, it can only be abstract constitutional interpretation. From the perspective of constitutional review, the essence of constitutional interpretation is the integration of the power of constitutional interpretation and the power to supervise the implementation of the constitution, but the two are parallel powers. Therefore, it is difficult to initiate abstract constitutional interpretation in the process of constitutional review. Examining the relationship between constitutional interpretation and constitutional review in China, constitutional interpretation exists, but constitutional interpretation serving constitutional review is almost non-existent. Therefore, in the current situation where the system of constitutional review has been standardized and proceduralized, the key is to establish a constitutional interpretation procedure to connect constitutional review and constitutional interpretation. Unlike in the West where constitutional interpretation is the main means of constitutional review, in China, constitutional review is an important path for the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to produce constitutional interpretation.

在立足于宪法解释“肯定说”的基础上，抛开程序性要件，我国存在实质性宪法解释，且在“功能适当原则”下只能为抽象宪法解释。在合宪性审查视角下宪法解释本质为宪法解释职权与监督宪法实施职权的合一，但二者为平行职权，故合宪性审查中抽象宪法解释很难启动。考察我国宪法解释与合宪性审查的关系，宪法解释是存在的，但服务于合宪性审查的宪法解释几乎是没有的，因而在合宪性审查制度已经规范化，程序化的当下，关键是构建宪法解释程序以衔接合宪性审查与宪法解释，这样不同于西方宪法解释是违宪审查的主要手段，我国合宪性审查是全国人大常务委员会产生宪法解释的重要路径。