｢てもらう｣の韓国語対応に関する一考察 - ｢ていただく｣も付け加えて

A Study on the Korean Equivalent of -Temorau : A Comparison with -Teitadaku

Japanese-Korean correspondence can be divided into two types, depending on whether the verbs express giving and receiving. In the case of giving and receiving verbs, the relevant Korean forms are ‘어 주다/어 받다/어 달라’. More specifically, ‘어 주다’ corresponds to kureru in many cases; ‘어 받다’ corresponds to ‘명사+받 다’ ; finally, ‘어 달라’ corresponds to ‘tekure’ and is related to hearsay expressions. In the case of correspondence beyond giving and receiving verbs, various expressions are employed, such as potential expressions, different verbs, hortative expressions, causative expressions, and more. The correspondence concerning potential expressions is possible mainly when the addressee is a recipient. In contrast, the correspondence using different verbs can be classified into the expressions denoting the result of a state of affairs and the verbs denoting the same state of affairs from a different perspective. The actor noun phrase has shifted from the hearer to the speaker. In the correspondence relating to hortative expressions, they are used to mean a suggestion, a request, an instruction, and a prohibition. Prohibition, in particular, is expressed in contexts that are not related to the speaker’s benefit. The correspondence pertaining to causative expressions is classified as humble expressions, compared to the causative expressions involving -saseru. On the other hand, -teitadaku is also classified into giving and receiving verbs or the other verbs in the light of Japanese- Korean correspondence. The giving and receiving verbs correspond to -temorau and are used in polite situations. One finds a number of examples of the correspondence concerning giving and receiving verbs, with few examples of the other correspondence, compared to -temorau; in particular, no examples are found in which the correspondence is related to causative sentences. They can be considered humble expressions in Japanese-Korean translations.

｢てもらう｣の日韓対応は授受表現と授受表現以外の形に分類される。授 受表現の対応は｢어 주다/名詞＋받다/어 달라｣に対応し、｢어 주다｣の対応では｢くれる｣系が多く、｢받다｣は補助動詞では対応せず、｢어 달라｣は｢てくれ｣に当たる表現で伝言表現と接続する。授受表現以外の対応では様々な意味で示されるが、可能表現、違う動詞の表現、働きかけ、使役表現等の様々な意味を表す。可能表現の対応は主に相手が受益者である場合に示され、違う動詞の表現で対応する場合、事態の結果の表現と同一の事柄に対する違う視点の動詞に分けられるが、動作主は相手から話し手に変わっている。働きかけの対応では勧め、依頼、指示、禁止等の意味で用いられ、特に禁止は話し手の受恵とは無縁な場面で示されている。使役表現の対応は｢~させる｣形の使役に比べて謙譲的表現に分類される。他方、｢ていただく｣も日韓対応において授受表現と授受表現以外に分類されるが授受表現は｢てもらう｣のように対応し丁寧な場面で示される。授受表現の対応が多く、授受表現以外の対応は｢てもらう｣に比べ限定的であり使役の対応はみられない。日韓対訳においては謙譲表現といってさほど差異がないようである。