한일 빈자(貧者) 가족의 언어행동에 나타난 아비투스

The Habitus Reflected in the Language Behavior of Poor Families in Korea and Japan

This paper analyzes the habitus reflected in the language behavior of poor families (hereafter referred to as the poor) in Japanese and Korean films. The features of the linguistic habitus of the poor include the frequent use of insults and slang, the direct and straightforward ways of speaking, the aggressive manner of speaking, and the self-deprecating and passive ways of speaking. The features of the cultural habitus include deviations from manners and public morality, a lack of adherence to rules, the education- based transmission of these behaviors to future generations, and intruding into the personal space of others. The features of the psychological habitus include the mindset that receiving is natural, a tendency to gain advantage through lies or discord, a lack of planning, and trauma resulting from past misfortunes. The feature of the intellectual habitus is a lack of language proficiency. In both Japan and Korea, the economic and social habitus of the poor are significantly limited, but it appears that some aspects of their physical habitus are superior. One of the remaining issues for future research is to analyze the habitus of the rich and the poor in Japan and Korea and to compare their parallelisms and differences.

本稿では日韓の映画の中の貧者家族(以下、貧者)の言語行動に現れたハ ビトゥスを分析した。貧者の言語的ハビトゥスの特徴としては悪口と俗語の多用、直接的で率直な話法、攻撃的な言い方、自己卑下的で消極的な言い方が挙げられる。文化的ハビトゥスの特徴としてはマナーや公衆道徳の逸脱および遵法精神の不在、子孫にそれを代替わりさせる教育、相手の領域に慎みなく立ち入ることが挙げられる。心理的ハビトゥスの特徴としてはただ好きで、もらうことを当たり前のように考える乞食根性、嘘や仲違いで利益を取ろうをする性向、無計画性、不幸な過去のトラウマが挙げられる。知識的ハビトゥスの特徴は語学能力の不足である。日韓の貧者家族の経済的ハビトゥスと社会的ハビトゥスは非常に劣っているが、身体的ハビトゥスは優越に見えるところもあった。今後の課題は日韓のお金持ちと貧者のハビトゥスを分析して両者の共通点と相違点も比較したい。