국내외 폐의약품의 수거 현황 비교 및 정책적 시사점 도출

Comparison of the Collection Status of Unused Medicines Domestically and Internationally and Derivation of Policy Implications

Improper disposal of unused or expired medications poses significant risks to public health and the environment. In South Korea, pharmaceutical waste management is regulated at the municipal level through local ordinances, resulting in inconsistent practices and fragmented regulations. This study compared South Korea’s system with those of the United States, Canada, and Australia, where federal or state laws ensure more systematic and uniform management. In 2021, South Korea’s per capita pharmaceutical waste collection rate (0.008 kg) was lower than Canada’s (0.0123 kg) and Australia’s (0.031 kg). Among South Korean regions, Sejong Special Self-Governing City achieved the highest per capita collection rate (0.0388 kg), likely due to an efficient collection process. The study identified key challenges, including low public awareness, inadequate promotion of proper disposal practices, and the absence of an integrated regulatory framework. To overcome these challenges, this study suggests implementing unified national regulations, developing systematic programs, and strengthening collaboration among key stakeholders. These measures are anticipated to enhance the efficiency of pharmaceutical waste collection systems in South Korea, providing a foundation for public health promotion and environmental protection.